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Onsen vs. Sentō: What's the Difference? | Japan's Hot Spring Law Explained

Published May 6, 2026·1min read

In Japan, 'onsen' (hot spring) and 'sentō' (public bathhouse) are legally distinct. Onsen use natural mineral water that meets the Hot Spring Act's requirements; sentō heat tap or well water.

Q & A

Frequently Asked Questions

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Is a super sentō an onsen?
A super sentō that uses natural spring water meeting the Hot Spring Act criteria qualifies as an onsen. One that heats tap water is legally a public bathhouse (sentō). Check the "天然温泉使用" signage.
If it says "onsen", is it the real thing?
Japanese law requires that any facility calling itself "onsen" must meet the Hot Spring Act's requirements. However, loopholes exist, so the most reliable check is the posted spring analysis certificate (bunsekisho).
ItemOnsenSentō (Public Bathhouse)
Governing lawHot Spring Act (1948)Public Bath Act (1948)
Water sourceNatural spring water (geological)Tap water, well water, etc.
Temperature / mineral requirements25 °C or above OR mineral criteriaNone (heating permitted)
Price regulationNone (set by facility)Prefecture sets maximum price
Analysis certificate postingRequired (for bathing/drinking use)Not required
Primary purposeTherapeutic, recreational, tourismDaily bathing

What Is Gensen Kakenagashi (Free-Flow Spring Water)?

Gensen kakenagashi means the spring water flows directly and continuously into the bath from the source, without dilution, recirculation, or disinfection. A facility displaying "加水なし・循環なし・消毒なし" (no dilution, no recirculation, no disinfection) provides the purest onsen experience.

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References

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