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What Is Spring Type (Senshu)? | Japan's 10 Hot Spring Classifications Explained

Published May 6, 2026·1min read

Spring type (泉質, senshu) classifies hot springs by their dominant dissolved minerals. Japan's Ministry of the Environment recognises 10 types, each with specific health indications and contraindications.

Q & A

Frequently Asked Questions

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Where can I find the spring type of a hot spring?
The spring type is listed on the official analysis certificate (温泉分析書) posted inside the bathing area of every onsen facility. You can also check it on my Onsen Techo.
Can the same spring type feel different at different facilities?
Yes. Mineral concentration, water temperature, and whether the water has been diluted all affect the bathing experience. Comparing the key component figures on the analysis certificate reveals the differences.

How Spring Types Are Classified

Spring type is determined by the dominant component in the spring water — a combination of cations (positive ions), anions (negative ions), and dissolved gases gives each spring its official name.

Spring TypeKey Component / ConditionTypical Characteristics
Simple thermal springLow dissolved solids or temperature ≥ 25 °CMild, suitable for everyone. Recognised benefit for insomnia and neurosis
Chloride springSodium, calcium chloride etc."Heat spring" — warming, antiseptic; body stays warm after bathing
Bicarbonate springBicarbonate ions"Beauty spring" — cleansing, softens skin
Sulfate springSulfate ionsPrevents arteriosclerosis; skin-smoothing
Carbon dioxide springFree CO₂ ≥ 2,000 mg/L"Heart-friendly spring" — dilates blood vessels
Iron-containing springIron ions ≥ 20 mg/LAnaemia, gynaecological conditions
Sulfur springSulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide type etc.)Skin conditions, detoxifying; strong sulfur odour
Acidic springpH < 3 (high hydrogen ion concentration)Strong bactericidal effect; skin conditions
Radioactive springRadon and other radioactive elementsGout, neuralgia, rheumatoid arthritis
Iodine-containing springIodine ≥ 10 mg/LArteriosclerosis, chronic skin conditions
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